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1.
J Clin Sleep Med ; 18(2): 433-438, 2022 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34398745

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a greater risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, the frequency of specific coronary artery vascular phenotypes, such as coronary artery ectasia (CAE), which has a frequency of 5% in the general population, has not been studied in patients with OSA. This study aimed to estimate CAE frequency in patients with OSA who underwent coronary angiography. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The results of each polysomnography were reviewed, classifying OSA severity according to the apnea-hypopnea index. Each coronary angiography was reviewed. CAE was defined and classified according to the scales described in the literature. Two groups of patients were classified and compared (OSA/CAE group vs OSA/non-CAE group). RESULTS: We identified the frequency of CAE in 185 patients with OSA who underwent coronary angiography. The frequency of CAE was 18.4% in these patients. ST-elevation myocardial infarction as the indication for coronary angiography was significantly greater in the OSA/CAE group than the OSA/non-CAE group (26.5% vs 9.9%; P = .02); 62% of the patients having severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 30 events/h). These patients in the OSA/CAE group had a significantly higher median apnea-hypopnea index than in the OSA/non-CAE group (72.5 events/h vs 53.5 events/h, respectively; P = .039). The CAE severity was not directly related to the OSA severity. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of CAE in patients with OSA is higher than that reported for the general population. The severity of OSA is related to the presence of CAE but not to its severity. CITATION: del Portillo JH, Hernandez BM, Bazurto MA, Echeverri D, Cabrales J. High frequency of coronary artery ectasia in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):433-438.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Transversais , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia
2.
Sleep Breath ; 24(2): 455-464, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31240542

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Information on access and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment is lacking at the regional level in Latin America. This study characterized access and adherence to PAP in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Latin America. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted at 9 sleep centers across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Adults diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15/h) in the previous 12-18 months were eligible. Anthropometrics, health coverage, and OSA severity data were collected. Data on access to therapy, barriers to access, adherence, and factors related to non-compliance were obtained via standardized telephone survey. RESULTS: Eight hundred eighty patients (70% male, 54 ± 13 years, AHI 49 ± 28/h, body mass index 32 ± 7 kg/m2) were included. Four hundred ninety patients (56%) initiated PAP, 70 (14%) discontinued therapy during the first year (mainly due to intolerance), and 420 (48%) were still using PAP when surveyed. Health insurance was private in 36.9% of patients, via the social security system in 31.1%, and via the state in 13.3%, and 18.7% did not have any coverage; 49.5% of patients had to pay all equipment costs. Reasons for not starting PAP were unclear or absent indication (42%), coverage problems (36%), and lack of awareness of OSA burden (14%). Patients with better adherence were older (55.3 ± 13 vs 52 ± 13; p = 0.002) and had more severe OSA (AHI 51.8 ± 27 vs 45.6 ± 27; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Less than half moderate-severe OSA patients started and continue to use PAP. Unclear or absent medical indication and financial limitations were the most relevant factors limiting access to therapy.


Assuntos
Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
BMJ Open ; 7(8): e015235, 2017 Aug 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28827237

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSA) might have varying degrees of laryngopharyngeal mechanical hyposensitivity that might impair the brain's capacity to prevent airway collapse during sleep. However, this knowledge about sensory compromises in OSA comes from studies performed using methods with little evidence of their validity. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the reliability and accuracy of the measurement of laryngopharyngeal mechanosensitivity in patients with OSA using a recently developed laryngopharyngeal endoscopic esthesiometer and rangefinder (LPEER). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study will be prospective and double blinded, with a randomised crossover assignment of raters performing the sensory tests. Subjects will be recruited from patients with suspected OSA referred for baseline polysomnography to a university hospital sleep laboratory. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability will be evaluated using the Bland-Altman's limits of agreement plot, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient, depending on the distribution of the variables. Diagnostic accuracy will be evaluated plotting ROC curves using standard baseline polysomnography as a reference. The sensory threshold values ​​for patients with mild, moderate and severe OSA will be determined and compared using ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, depending on the distribution of the variables. The LPEER could be a new tool for evaluating and monitoring laryngopharyngeal sensory impairment in patients with OSA. If it is shown to be valid, it could help to increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition and potentially help in finding new therapeutic interventions for OSA. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana. The results will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at Clinical Trials Accuracy of the sensory test using the lLaryngopharyngeal endoscopic esthesiometer in obstructive sleep apnea. Protocol ID: 201611-22405. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03109171.


Assuntos
Endoscopia/instrumentação , Laringe/fisiologia , Faringe/fisiologia , Limiar Sensorial/fisiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Colômbia , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Polissonografia , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Projetos de Pesquisa
4.
Acta méd. colomb ; 38(2): 71-75, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-682350

RESUMO

Introducción: los beneficios de la CPAP dependen del número de horas que el paciente la use. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer, en pacientes con apnea del sueño (SAHS), si hay adecuada adherencia a la CPAP y determinar qué factores referidos por el paciente se relacionan a la no adherencia. Métodos: estudio observacional analítico transversal en pacientes tratados con CPAP. Se definió buena adherencia como uso mínimo de cuatro horas al menos el 70% de los días (registro del dispositivo). Análisis de regresión logística para evaluar los factores relacionados a la no adherencia: presión, resequedad de la vía aérea, problemas con la máscara y falta de educación en el uso de CPAP. Resultados: de 160 pacientes, 88 (55%) tuvieron mala adherencia. La edad, peso, talla, cuello e índice de apneas fueron similares en los grupos con buena y mala adherencia. El Epworth y la presión de CPAP fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de mala adherencia (p<0.05). El promedio de horas de uso de CPAP en el grupo con buena adherencia fue de 5.1 ± 1.7 horas y en el grupo con mala adherencia fue de 1.9 ± 1.5 horas. Los pacientes sobreestimaron el uso de la CPAP en 2.0 horas: reportadas por el paciente 5.3 horas frente a 3.3 horas según la tarjeta del equipo (p<0.001). El único factor referido por el paciente que se relacionó con la mala adherencia fue la presión de CPAP (OR ajustado: 3,34 [1,34 a 8,30]). Conclusiones: la adherencia al tratamiento con CPAP en pacientes con SAHS es subóptima (mala adherencia en 55% de los pacientes). La principal causa relacionada con la no adherencia según los pacientes fue la intolerancia a la presión del dispositivo. Los pacientes sobreestiman las horas reales de uso del CPAP.


Introduction: the benefits of CPAP depend on the number of hours being used by the patient. The aim of the study was to establish, in patients with sleep apnea (SAHS), if there is adequate adherence to CPAP and to determine what factors reported by the patient are related to non-adherence. Methods: an analytical observational cross-sectional study in patients treated with CPAP. Good adherence was defined as a minimum of 4 hours use at least 70% of days (device score). Logistic regression analysis to assess factors related to non-adherence: pressure, airway dryness, mask problems and lack of education in the use of CPAP. Results: of 160 patients, 88 (55%) had poor adherence. Age, weight, height, neck and apnea index were similar in the groups with good and poor adherence. The Epworth and CPAP pressure were significantly higher in the group of poor adherence (p <.05). The average hours of use of CPAP in the group with good adherence was 5.1 ± 1.7 hours and the poor adherence group was 1.9 ± 1.5 hours. The patients overestimated the use of CPAP in 2.0 hours: 5.3 hours reported by the patient versus 3.3 hours according to the device card (p <0.001). The only factor reported by the patient that was associated with poor adherence was CPAP pressure (adjusted OR: 3.34 [1.34 to 8.30]). Conclusions: adherence to CPAP in patients with SAHS is suboptimal (poor adherence in 55% of patients). The main cause related to non-adherence according to patients was intolerance to the pressure device. Patients overestimate the real hours of CPAP use.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento
6.
Acta méd. colomb ; 23(4): 145-50, jul.-ago. 1998. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-221225

RESUMO

Introducción: el engrosamiento pleural residual (EPR) es frecuente en tuberculosis pleural (TBCP) y no es claro si puede pronosticarse con la toracentesis inicial. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre los índices de inflación y la activación linfocitaria pleural especialmente la adenosina deaminasa (ADA) y el desarrollo de EPR en TBCP. Tipo de estudio: observacional analítico de cohorte prospectiva. Lugar de estudio: programa de tuberculosis en el hospital de referencia. Material y métodos: pacientes con diagnóstico de TBCP a quienes se les realizó toracentesis incluyendo determinación de ADA y fueron tratados y controlados sin recibir glucocorticoides. Se definió EPR con métodos radiológicos. Los datos se recolectaron en forma prospectiva. La relación entre predictores y EPR se evaluó con prueba no paranétrica con una p<0,01 de significativa. Resultados: durante 48 meses, 57 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; el diagnóstico se realizó en 84 por ciento con biopsia pleural. Se desarrolló EPR en 33 pacientes (58 por ciento) y no hubo EPR en 24 (42 por ciento). Los valores de LDH, proteínas, porcentaje de linfocitos y concentración de glucosa fueron similares en ambos grupos. La concentración de ADA fue similar (grupo con EPR:97 más menos 48; grupo sin EPR: 106 más menos 45; p=0,48, Mann-Whitney) en los dos grupos y no se encontró un punto de corte con apropiada discriminación para pronosticar EPR. Conclusión: en este grupo de pacientes ningún hallazgo de la toracentesis inicial se relacionó con el desarrollo de EPR. Los resultados son similares a los informados por otros investigadores, pero es la primera vez que se describen para el nivel de ADA pleural


Assuntos
Humanos , Adenosina , Adenosina/fisiologia , Tuberculose Pleural/classificação , Tuberculose Pleural/complicações , Tuberculose Pleural/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pleural/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pleural/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pleural/etiologia , Tuberculose Pleural/fisiopatologia , Tuberculose Pleural/cirurgia , Tuberculose Pleural/terapia
7.
Rev. colomb. neumol ; 10(2): 100-5, jul. 1998.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-220942

RESUMO

Introducción: A partir de las teorías existentes acerca de la génesis del engrosamiento pleural residual (EPR) en tuberculosis pleural (TBCP), se ha desarrollado estudios de prevención farmacológica con esteroides o con toracentesis evacuadora inicial, bajo el supuesto de que la severidad de la inflamación es responsable del EPR. No se conoce cuál es la relación entre estos índices bioquímicos de inflamación y la imagen radiológica. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre índices de inflamación y activación infocitaria en líquido pleural y la altura del derrame inicial en TBCP. Tipo de estudio: Estudio observacional analítico de cohorte prospectiva. Lugar del estudio: Programa de tuberculosis en hospital de referencia. Pacientes y métodos: Pacientes con diagnóstico de TBCP a quienes se realizó toracocentesis con análiis bioquímico y citológico en el hospital y que tenían estudio radiológico previo a la punción. La altura del derrame se evaluó en la proyección posteroanterior inicial. La relación entre grupos de altura del derrame y los demás parámetros clínicos y bioquímicos se evaluó con diferencia de proporciones y con análisis de varianza. Se aceptó p<0.01 como significativo. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio (julio 1992-junio 1996) 101 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y el diagnóstico de TBCP se realizó en 89 por ciento con biopsia pleural. La edad promedio fue de 42 años y el tiempo de evolución de los síntomas en promedio fue de 11 semanas. Los valores del líquido fueron compatibles con exudado linfocitario con alta actividad de adenosina deaminasa. No se encontró diferencia entre la frecuencia y duración de los síntomas ni entre los valores bioquímicos o citológicos del líquido entre los grupos definidos de acuerdo con la altura del derrame. Conclusión: En este grupo de pacientes la altura del derrame en la radiografía inicial no guarda relación con los índices bioquímicos de compromiso pleural. Se discuten los hallazgos y se plantea que no existe una cadena causal ni una explicación suficiente para justificar estudios de intervención para prevenir el desarrollo de EPR


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Derrame Pleural/patologia , Tuberculose Pleural/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Tuberculose Pleural/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pleural/etiologia , Tuberculose Pleural/fisiopatologia
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